ISO 26262 is an international safety standard specifically designed to address the functional safety of electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems in production passenger cars, trucks, busses, and motorcycles. The standard is applicable to all aspects of the safety lifecycle, from concept and design through production, operation, service, and decommissioning. It provides a comprehensive approach to risk assessment and management, hazard and safety analysis, and verification and validation processes for E/E systems. ISO 26262 also outlines requirements for product development processes, such as design assurance, configuration management and problem resolution. In addition, the standard outlines process management requirements for the production, service and decommissioning of E/E systems.

ISO 26262 applies to OEMs delivering on-road mobility products and automotive solution providers (Tier - 1, Tier - 2, Tier - 3 suppliers) producing electronic or electrical systems. The ISO 26262 series of standards provide requirements towards E/E systems developed for passenger cars, trucks, busses, and motorcycles to ensure that 'Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL)' are met at every stage of system lifecycle. The standard provides a comprehensive framework for the management of risks associated with the design and manufacture of E/E systems and subsets of systems in passenger cars, including the avoidance and/or mitigation of potential hazards. The standard is applicable to all types of E/E systems, including those for active safety such as autonomous driving systems and electrification systems. By following ISO 26262, manufacturers can ensure that their E/E systems in passenger cars are designed and manufactured to meet safety requirements and reduce the risks associated with their use. This standard is an important step towards the increased safety of passenger cars and their occupants.

The automotive industry is undergoing a rapid transformation with the growing adoption of Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF). ISO 21448, also known as the Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) standard, is an international standard created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to provide guidance for developing and testing advanced vehicle systems. The standard is designed to help manufacturers address safety concerns associated with the rapidly evolving technology of autonomous vehicles. The standard outlines a process for manufacturers to apply to ensure that autonomous vehicles are able to safely detect and respond to hazards and other potential risks.

SOTIF is a set of safety principles and safety standards that aim to ensure the safety of advanced systems such as driver assistance systems. It focuses on preventing failures that cause harm to the vehicle's occupants or other road users. It looks at the system's architecture, design, and implementation to identify any potential hazards and then assesses the system's ability to mitigate those hazards. SOTIF is also becoming increasingly important in the development and deployment of ADAS systems, such as adaptive cruise control, lane detection, and automated parking and vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, and other stakeholders are all investing heavily in SOTIF as they advance in the autonomous vehicle deployment roadmap. It is  an important framework in ensuring the safety of the public in the rapidly changing landscape of the automotive industry.

ISO 25119 is applicable to the assessment, design and verification of safety-related parts comprising electrical and/or electronic and/or programmable electronic systems (E/E/PES) on tractors used in agriculture and forestry, and on self-propelled ride-on machines and mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines used in agriculture. It is also applicable to mobile municipal equipment. The standard provides an approach to the whole safety life cycle activities for these safety-related parts and is intended for machine manufacturers, health and safety bodies, machine users, service providers, and consumers. It is based on a risk-based approach for the determination of the risks, while providing a means of specifying the required performance level for the safety-related functions to be implemented by E/E/PES safety-related channels.

It is applicable to the safety-related parts of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic systems (E/E/PES) and covers the possible hazards caused by malfunctioning behaviour of E/E/PES safety-related systems, including interaction of these systems. It allocates the ability of safety-related parts to perform a safety-related function under foreseeable conditions into five performance levels (AgPL) and provides requirements for the whole safety life-cycle of E/E/PES. The performance levels and categories can be applied to the control systems of all kinds of mobile machines, from simple systems to complex systems.

Last mile delivery solutions, electrified people movers, electrified bicycles, and e-scooters are all becoming popular mobility solutions in urban areas. As they become the go-to option for people to get around, safety of such modes of transport is a major concern. Although all of these modes of transportation offer unique benefits, there are also potential safety risks that should be addressed. Solution providers should ensure that their systems are designed in mind with consumer safety. Manufacturers should ensure that their vehicles are up-to-date with regulatory frameworks and state-of-the-art standards. With the increased use of electronics enabling advanced assistance and comfort feature in such mobility solutions, ensuring that these features are safe by design is of paramount importance. In the absence of specific safety framework and standards, manufacturers should exercise extra caution in the development and road release of such solutions.